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Dysphania ambrosioides

(L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (2002)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Genus: Dysphania

Mexican tea, wormseed

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Malodorous annual or perennial herbs.

Stems: Reddish, grooved stems erect or ascending, 3–10(–15) dm long, unbranched or paniculately branched, glandular–dotted with yellow glands, sometimes also glandular villous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades variable and usually dimorphic, always with numerous small leaves linear, lanceolate to oblanceolate or spatulate usually 0.5–2 cm long, 0.2–0.6 cm wide, often also with scattered large, well–developed large leaves lanceolate to ovate 2–12 cm long, 0.6–5.5 cm wide. Surfaces puberulent to short–villous, copiously glandular–dotted, occasionally glands absent. Margins of smaller leaves entire or sometimes sinuate–dentate; larger leaves with margins sinuate–dentate to pinnatifid. Petioles to 18 mm, distal leaves sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers usually in dense, terminal or axillary glomerules grouped in slender, elongate spikes, these naked or leafy, sometimes paniculate, or sometimes flowers solitary, subtended by small bracts. Flowers bisexual (perfect), small. Calyx (3–)5-lobed, ca. 1 mm long, completely enclosing the fruit at maturity, the lobes not keeled, glandular-dotted or sometimes glabrous or short-villous, persistent. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 1–5; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2–3(–5)-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation basal; ovule 1,styles 2–5; stigmas dry.

Fruit: Utricles. Seeds 1 per fruit; dark brown; horizontal or vertical; 0.6–0.8(–1.2) mm in diameter; margins obtuse; glossy; enclosed in persistent calyx; aromatic when dried.

Ploidy: 2n = 16; 32; 36; 48?; 64

Habitat: Dry; usually disturbed sites in pastures; on open lava flows; or along roadsides at higher elevations; rarely in sandy sites near beaches.

Elevation Range: (30–)600–2,450 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (70)

Agathophytum ambrosioides (L.) Peterm. (1845)
Ambrina ambrosioides (L.) Spach (1836)
Ambrina incisa Phil. (1895)
Ambrina parvula Phil. (1895)
Ambrina spathulata Moq. (1840)
Atriplex ambrosioides (L.) Crantz (1766)
Atriplex ambrosioides f. minus Aellen (1929)
Blitum ambrosioides (L.) Beck (1908)
Botrys ambrosioides (L.) Nieuwl. (1914)
Chenopodium album subsp. ambrosioides (L.) H.J.Coste & A.Reyn. (1905)
Chenopodium amboanum (Murr) Aellen (1961)
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (1753)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. angustifolium (Pav. ex Moq.) Aellen (1931)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. dentatum (Fenzl) Aellen (1931)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. genuinum Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. integrifolium (Fenzl) Aellen (1943)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. minus (Murr) Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. normale Aellen (1943)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. pinnatifidum (Willk.) Aellen (1943)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. rotundatum Aellen (1943)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. spathulatum (Moq.) Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium ambrosioides f. suffruticosum (Willd.) Aellen (1931)
Chenopodium ambrosioides proles suffruticosum (Willd.) Thell. (1884)
Chenopodium ambrosioides subsp. euambrosioides Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium ambrosioides subsp. pinnatifidum Asch. & Graebn. (1913)
Chenopodium ambrosioides subsp. suffruticosum (Willd.) Thell. (1912)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. ambrosioides
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. angustifolium Sieber ex Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. cinerascens Sennen (1916)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. comosum Willk. (1862)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. costei Aellen (1973)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. dentatum Fenzl (1864)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. genuinum Willk. (1861)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. incisum (Phil.) Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. integrifolium Fenzl (1864)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. microphyllum Sennen (1914)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. pinnatifidum Willk. (1861)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. polystachium Willk. (1862)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. pubescens Makino (1932)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. querciforme (Murr) Aellen (1929)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum (Willd.) P.Fourn. (1935)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. typicum Speg. (1902)
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. viridis Sennen (1916)
Chenopodium angustifolium Pav. ex Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium anthelminticum var. glabratum Fenzl (1864)
Chenopodium anthelminticum var. hastatum Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium anthelminticum var. subhirsutum Fenzl (1864)
Chenopodium chilense var. incisa (Phil.) Reiche (1911)
Chenopodium citriodorum Steud. (1840)
Chenopodium cuneifolium Vent. ex Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium integrifolium Vorosch. (1942)
Chenopodium integrifolium subsp. ramosissimum Vorosch. (1942)
Chenopodium opulifolium subsp. amboanum Murr
Chenopodium querciforme Murr (1903)
Chenopodium querciforme var. minus Murr (1904)
Chenopodium rugosum Raf. (1830)
Chenopodium sancta-maria Vell. (1829)
Chenopodium spathulatum (Moq.) Sieber ex Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium spathulatum var. angustifolium Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium spathulatum var. platyphyllum Moq. (1849)
Chenopodium suffruticosum Willd. (1809)
Chenopodium suffruticosum subsp. remotum Vorosch. (1942)
Chenopodium variegatum Gouan (1810)
Dysphania ambrosioides var. integrifolia (Vorosch.) Schwarzová & Mered'a (2016)
Neobotrydium ambrosioides (L.) M.L.Zhang & G.L.Chu (2016)
Orthosporum ambrosioides (L.) Kostel. (1835)
Orthosporum suffruticosum Kostel. (1835)
Roubieva querciformis (Murr) G.L.Chu (2017)
Teloxys ambrosioides (L.) W.A.Weber (1985)
Vulvaria ambrosioides (L.) Bubani (1897)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 59: 382 (2002)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:537 (O, L, M, H [as Chenopodium ambrosioides]); Staples et al. 2002:7 (K); Staples & Herbst 2005:234 (DESCR); Clemants & Mosyakin 2003:270/Wagner et al. 2012:28 (Syn. C. ambrosioides = D. ambrosioides, DESCR, KEY); Ross & Faccenda 2023b:203 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Dysphania ambrosioides Honolulu, Punahou area, 1940 Manoa Road Growing in an earth-filled tub; receiving full sun for part of the day. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1232 Oahu BISH 1985-07-22
2 Dysphania ambrosioides Kaohe, Pohakuloa State Park In pens at bird propagation facility, apparently brought in with bird feed. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5947 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-07
3 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, West Kaupo Gap Dry ridge; All naturalized species, natives only in gulch. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5658 Maui BISH 1986-07-11
4 Dysphania ambrosioides Honolulu, 42 Coelho Way (Neal's home) Grown in pot. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1963-10-28
5 Dysphania ambrosioides Ulupalakua Occasional along edge of pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1808 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
6 Dysphania ambrosioides Hamakua Dist.; Pohakuloa Training Area, along Saddle Road Between the 30 & 45 mile markers & within 60' of road. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 15 Hawaii BISH 1990-12-13
7 Dysphania ambrosioides Kawela Bay Naturalized along road. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8657 Oahu BISH 1933-03-01
8 Dysphania ambrosioides Ranch 8 miles west of Volcano House, Kilauea Hawaii, T.Hawaii Naturalized in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8656 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-26
9 Dysphania ambrosioides Kunia Scattered in pineapple fields. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3952 Oahu BISH 1988-09-01
10 Dysphania ambrosioides Below Palikea on Honolulu side Naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8658 Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
11 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, Pukalani, Pukalani Terrace Estates In vacant lots. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 2565 Maui BISH 1982-11-20
12 Dysphania ambrosioides Makahalau; Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3210 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-23
13 Dysphania ambrosioides North Kona District: Puuwaawaa Ranch Growing at edge of Volcanite Quarry. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5395 Hawaii BISH 1975-06-26
14 Dysphania ambrosioides Dole Pineapple Plantation In new land to be planted with pineapples in 1964. Preserved_Specimen Smith Jr., J.W. Lanai BISH 1964-08-14
15 Dysphania ambrosioides Pohakuloa Military Reservation Growing on Pahoehoe, with Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Vaccinium, and Osteomeles. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5190 Hawaii BISH 1977-01-07
16 Dysphania ambrosioides Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea Occasional herb seen near buildings and collected along road. Growing in open mamane forest. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 608 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-06
17 Dysphania ambrosioides Kunia, Del Monte Pineapple fields off Kunia rd. Lowland pasture land and pineapple fields. Preserved_Specimen Iott, S. Oahu BISH
18 Dysphania ambrosioides Hamakua District: Kaohe AHU. Tr 102(1); W. slope of Mauna Kea Dry mixed grass-native shrub community with scattered mamane trees. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 3137 Hawaii BISH 1981-01-21
19 Dysphania ambrosioides Kaupulehu In remnant Diospyros forest near transect T12. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5768 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
20 Dysphania ambrosioides Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 409 Lanai BISH 1915-11-11
21 Dysphania ambrosioides Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 212 Lanai BISH 1913-11-11
22 Dysphania ambrosioides Hauula Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2383 Oahu BISH 1916-06-01
23 Dysphania ambrosioides East of Kilauea Iki Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30257 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-16
24 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, Hana District, Kaloi Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 151 Maui BISH 1955-12-27
25 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1980 Maui BISH 1920-03-15
26 Dysphania ambrosioides Prison Camp Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 611 Hawaii BISH 1943-03-06
27 Dysphania ambrosioides Paeahu, near Wailea Golf Course Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5401 Maui BISH 1975-07-07
28 Dysphania ambrosioides Along main road 21 miles from Waimea toward Kona Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30258 Hawaii BISH 1926-08-18
29 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, Haleakala National Park Headquarters roadside Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 297 Maui BISH 1982-10-22
30 Dysphania ambrosioides Pohakuloa Training Area. Saddle road near Puukeekee Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 7165 Hawaii BISH 1987-06-28
31 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, Haleakala Crater at crystal cave. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2042002 Maui BISH 1998-05-12
32 Dysphania ambrosioides Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 66 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-14
33 Dysphania ambrosioides 27 miles, Glenwood, Hawaii, T. Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8663 Hawaii BISH 1929-07-21
34 Dysphania ambrosioides Makahalau, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3208 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-20
35 Dysphania ambrosioides Along main road about 8 miles west of Volcano House Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30260 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-26
36 Dysphania ambrosioides Parker Ranch; Makahalau Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3202 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-23
37 Dysphania ambrosioides West Maui, Waihee. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 1305 Maui BISH 1990-05-14
38 Dysphania ambrosioides Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Kawasaki, A. Hawaii BISH 1959-08-25
39 Dysphania ambrosioides on slope above Humuula Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Hawaii BISH 1935-07-30
40 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, Crater of Haleakala, Oili Puu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1250 Maui BISH 1919-08-29
41 Dysphania ambrosioides Pali Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1945-07-09
42 Dysphania ambrosioides Nuuanu Pali near concrete wall Preserved_Specimen Williams, F.X. Oahu BISH 1945-08-23
43 Dysphania ambrosioides Makahoa Point Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-08-02
44 Dysphania ambrosioides Volcano Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Hawaii BISH 1908-09-01
45 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Maui BISH 1910-08-01
46 Dysphania ambrosioides Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
47 Dysphania ambrosioides Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. Maui BISH 1992-06-08
48 Dysphania ambrosioides Kapapale--Hawn. Afr. Co. Fld. 46 Preserved_Specimen Q.H.L. Hawaii BISH 1947-08-01
49 Dysphania ambrosioides Koele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 22 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
50 Dysphania ambrosioides Lyon Arboretum. Middle lawn Makai, Herb Garden. Preserved_Specimen Shigematsu, K. 91.0015 Oahu BISH 1991-07-24
51 Dysphania ambrosioides E Maui District In pastures and along roadsides in Makawao and Pukalani. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2569 Maui BISH 1986-06-18
52 Dysphania ambrosioides Kahuku Growing in sandy soil along beach near Kahuku. Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 469 Oahu BISH 1920-07-04
53 Dysphania ambrosioides Within Haleakala Crater near Koolau Gap In grassy meadow. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8662 Maui BISH 1927-08-19
54 Dysphania ambrosioides near Humuula roadside Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 685 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-06
55 Dysphania ambrosioides Kihei, south end of Malulani St in undeveloped area past houses Weedy, sunny, disturbed area Preserved_Specimen Starmer, J. Maui BISH 2024-07-10
56 Dysphania ambrosioides Kunia. Along irrigation ditch in sugar cane fields. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 5201 Oahu BISH 1991-07-01
57 Dysphania ambrosioides Near Puuwaawaa, Kona, Hawaii, T. Hawaii Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8660 Hawaii BISH 1926-08-18
58 Dysphania ambrosioides Puu Hualalai; Kaupulehu Top of volcanic cone. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11427 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-30
59 Dysphania ambrosioides East Maui, Haleakala National Park, West of Oili Puu Grows in kipuka soil in coarse cinder. Found only along trail in this section. Preserved_Specimen Olson, G.E. 85 Maui BISH 1937-08-25
60 Dysphania ambrosioides South Kohala District. Collected east of Queen Kaahumanu Highway between Mauna Lani Drive and Puako turn off Dry area with scant vegetation; open grassland with scattered Prosopis pallida. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-02-04
61 Dysphania ambrosioides East of Kilauea-Iki, Hawaii, T. Hawaii Abandoned ranch Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8659 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-16
62 Dysphania ambrosioides North Kohala District, Bond Historical Dist. E of Kapaau, adjacent to Pali Akamoa Gulch Herbaceous weed growing along cement steps adjacent to roadway next to Kalahikiola Church Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9942 Hawaii BISH 1999-08-31
63 Dysphania ambrosioides Kihei, south end of Malulani St in undeveloped area past houses Weedy, sunny, disturbed area Preserved_Specimen Starmer, J. Maui BISH 2024-05-09
64 Dysphania ambrosioides Kikiaeae. Kealakeakua. S. Kona In pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1502 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-15
65 Dysphania ambrosioides Waimanalo, intersection of Khiki St. and Makakalo St In front of house, and spreading slowly down the road, shady areas Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 2576 Oahu BISH 2022-08-03
66 Dysphania ambrosioides Pukalani Along roadside Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1416 Maui BISH 1982-07-11
67 Dysphania ambrosioides Pupukea Station, Pupukea By roadside. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12259 Oahu BISH 1935-10-06
68 Dysphania ambrosioides Na Pali Coast, Awa- awapuhi valley Growing beside stream. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 386 Kauai BISH 1979-07-19
69 Dysphania ambrosioides Kukaiau, Hamakua On cinder flat under Drymaria trees. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1537 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-27
70 Dysphania ambrosioides Eight miles west of Volcano House In pasture. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30256 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-26
71 Dysphania ambrosioides Pohakuloa Military Reservation. Pohakuloa gulch, behind Bradshaw airfield Sparsely vegetated with Sophora, Myoporum, and Deschampsia. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5142 Hawaii BISH 1977-01-05
72 Dysphania ambrosioides Hanalei, Na Pali Coast, lower Honapu Valley along stream coastal shrubland; Scaevola taccada, Lycium sandwicensis, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Hydrocotyle, Nasturtium Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 8411 Kauai BISH 1999-05-06
73 Dysphania ambrosioides Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
74 Dysphania ambrosioides Hamakua District: Kaohe AHU. Tr 110(11); S. Slope of Mauna Kea; 1.5 km E. of Hale Pohaku & Hale Pohaku Road Dry mixed grass-native shrub community with scattered mamane trees. Growing on ash w/stones; near base of Sophora. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 2004 Hawaii BISH 1981-01-20
75 Dysphania ambrosioides Hamakua, Waikii-Humuula Rd-Kaohe 4 Sandy plain. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 189 Hawaii BISH 1932-05-02
76 Dysphania ambrosioides ~1.3 km N of Bobcat trail, ~2.3 km NNE of Naohuleelua pahoehoe; Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscosa Preserved_Specimen Close, B. 119414 Hawaii BISH 1994-11-15
77 Dysphania ambrosioides Honolulu, Punahou area Growing in an earth-filled tub; receiving full sun for half of the day and half day shade. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1047 Oahu BISH 1985-06-04
78 Dysphania ambrosioides Miki Rd. At power plant. Roadside weed, dry, sunny area. Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 3168 Lanai BISH 2023-06-21
79 Dysphania ambrosioides N. Kona, ~1.3 km N of Bobcat Trail, ~2.3 km NNE of Naohueleelua pahoehoe; Myrsine lanaiensis, Doconaea viscosa, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Close, B. 119413 Hawaii BISH 1994-11-15
80 Dysphania ambrosioides Waihee. Collected along roadway to Waihee wetland. Collection site disturbed and very weedy. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Maui BISH 1990-07-19
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